2009-01-03
✎
text Coinbase ✓ verified
Genesis block headline
The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks
A timeline of data stored in Bitcoin
Bitcoin was built to move money, but every transaction carries fields that can hold arbitrary bytes — and for as long as the chain has existed, people have used them to store things meant to outlast any server: photographs, source code, love letters, protest anthems, leaked documents, prayers, insults. Because the ledger is replicated by every node and can never be edited, whatever goes in stays in.
186 artifacts are catalogued here, spanning 2009 to 2026. Every one has been confirmed against the chain, and 164 have been rebuilt from their raw bytes so you can see the file itself rather than a description of it. Read the timeline top to bottom, browse the gallery by type or by method, or open the Archive for every readable message found in blocks 0–963,186 (August 2026).
2009 Genesis
2011 The first messages
2011-05-13
image P2FKH ✓ verified
Bitcoin logo (bitcoin.jpg, yEnc)
One of the earliest images ever put on the chain, from May 2011 — an 8,776-byte JPEG of the Bitcoin logo, split across t
2011-07-30
▦
ascii-art P2FKH ✓ verified
Len Sassaman tribute / ASCII Bernanke
---BEGIN TRIBUTE--- LEN "rabbi" SASSAMA 1980-2011 ... ASCII BERNANKE
2011-08-05
✎
text Coinbase ✓ verified
Prayer Wars (Eligius prayers + interruptions)
Eligius pool (Luke Dashjr) inscribed the Latin Divine Praises and other Catholic prayers one verse per coinbase across b
2011-10-10
✎
text Coinbase ✓ verified
First merged mining (Namecoin AuxPoW)
fa be 6d 6d — AuxPoW merged-mining marker (Namecoin)
2011-10-10
✎
text Coinbase ✓ verified
The merged-mining family (AuxPoW chains)
Chains that piggy-backed Bitcoin's proof-of-work via AuxPoW: Namecoin (2011-09), Ixcoin / i0coin / Devcoin / Groupcoin (
2011-11-24
✎
2011-11-25
✎
text Base58 ✓ verified
Alice in Wonderland (we're all mad here)
But I don't want to go among mad people...
2011-11-27
✎
text Base58 ✓ verified
The Emerald Tablet (49 addresses)
It is true, without error, certain and most true...
2011-11-20
✎
2011-12-01
✎
text Base58 ✓ verified
Newton's Principia Rules of Reasoning
RULE 1 We are to admit no more causes of natural things...
2011-12-01
✎
2011-12-01
✎
2011-12-05
✎
text Base58 ✓ verified
etchablock.com ad
etchablock.com gives you blockchain immortality. Visit etchablock.com now.
2012
2012-09-07
✎
2013 The upload era
2013-04-06
⚠withheld
text P2FMS withheld
Leaked AMI firmware private key
A leaked private signing key for American Megatrends firmware, published to the chain where it cannot be recalled. It is
2013-04-06
⚠withheld
text P2FMS withheld
Illegal prime #1
link to en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_prime + the prime 4856507896...
2013-04-06
📄
pdf P2FMS ✓ verified
Bitcoin whitepaper (PDF)
Bitcoin's founding document, stored inside Bitcoin itself. The 184,292-byte PDF was split across the fake public-key fie
2013-04-06
🗜
archive P2FMS ✓ verified
WikiLeaks Cablegate archive
cablegate-201012041811.7z; ~2.5 MB; ~130 chunks of ~20 KB
2013-04-08
?
other P2FSH ✓ verified
Mystery 3,075 x 1-sat output txs
A transaction with 3,075 outputs, 3,073 of them holding a single satoshi — a shape that costs far more in fees than the
2013-04-08
?
encrypted P2FMS ✓ verified
GPG/CAST5 encrypted files (undecrypted)
Files encrypted with GPG's CAST5 cipher, still unread. The ciphertext is public and permanent, and will stay that way un
2013-04-08
⚠withheld
text P2FMS withheld
Hidden Wiki index pages
Index pages from the Hidden Wiki — a directory of Tor onion services — written into the chain in 2013 across two transac
2013-06-01
?
other P2FKH ✓ verified
Proof of Existence — original address-encoded genesis
The original Proof of Existence encoding (Araoz & Ordano, 2013), predating the DOCPROOF OP_RETURN method. 115 transactio
2013-07-31
?
2013-08-12
✎
text unknown ✓ verified
Satoshi 'email patch' (git diff)
A git diff distributed as an on-chain message rather than a mailing-list post. Early Bitcoin development happened over e
2013-08-12
✎
text unknown ✓ verified
XSS demo output script
<script>window.alert("If this were an actual exploit...")</script>
2013-10-17
✎
text P2FK ✓ verified
Rickroll XML metadata (EMBII upload test)
Never Gonna Give You Up — Rick Astley metadata + lyrics, in EMBII's CG/MG/FL base64-XML upload-test format
2013-11-13
✎
2013-11-05
✎
text unknown ✓ verified
Washing machine note + Skynet koan
Skynet went online on August 4th 1997... (output); washing machine note (input)
2013-12-01
✎
text P2FK ✓ verified
AtomSea first upload (bugged Bhagavad Gita)
The first upload made with AtomSea & EMBII, the publishing system that carried much of the chain's early art. It is brok
2013-12-02
✎
text P2FK ✓ verified
Bhagavad Gita quote + bug note
I WONDER WHAT HISTORY WILL THINK ABOUT THESE FIRST FEW BUGS...HA HA HA. NOBODY IS PERFECT.
2013-12-07
✎
text P2FK ✓ verified
Where the Sidewalk Ends (Shel Silverstein)
Two-level AtomSea text object framed '?758"...': the continuation index spans txs 78f31f03+29f30b99 with a leaf txid (ca
2013-12-07
image P2FK ✓ verified
Nelson-Mandela.jpg
"There is nothing like returning to a place that remains unchanged to find the ways in which you yourself have altered."
2013-12-14
✎
2013-04-06
✎
text P2FMS ✓ verified
Satoshi Uploader tool (Python source)
The Python source of the tool that put many of the earliest artifacts on the chain, stored using the very technique it i
2013-04-06
✎
text P2FMS ✓ verified
Satoshi downloader tool (Python source)
The companion to the uploader — the Python source that reads the data back out. Together the pair make the archive self-
2013-12-20
🖼
image P2FK ✓ verified
CompressedLogo.png (Apertus logo)
Colby Nelson and myself burnt the midnight oils designing the APERTUS imagery last night....
2014
2014-01-02
?
other P2FMS ✓ verified
Counterparty (XCP) — proof-of-burn genesis
The protocol's first on-chain footprint is this proof-of-burn (block 278319, 2014-01-02). The first decodable CNTRPRTY-m
2014-01-12
?
other P2FMS ✓ verified
Counterparty (XCP) — first CNTRPRTY protocol message
Ten days after the proof-of-burn genesis (block 278319, 2014-01-02), this is the first transaction carrying a decoded Co
2014-02-25
✎
text OP_RETURN ✓ verified
Mt. Gox farewell
2014-02-25: The day Mt.Gox shut down. Farewell, may even you rest in peace!
2014-03-16
▦
ascii-art P2FKH ✓ verified
Nude figure ASCII (seated)
ASCII art of a nude seated female figure, via cryptograffiti.info (P2FKH). Among the earliest ASCII art on the blockchai
2014-04-20
?
other OP_RETURN ✓ verified
Proof of Existence — first OP_RETURN (DOCPROOF) notarization
First DOCPROOF-prefixed OP_RETURN timestamp in the scan. NOT the first Proof of Existence proof — the service began in 2
2014-05-18
▦
2014-06-14
✎
text unknown ✓ verified
trollbot.org XSS detector
<script ...>document.write(... trollbot.org/xss-blockchain-detector.php ...)</script>
2014-07-04
?
other P2FMS ✓ verified
FoldingCoin (FLDC) — asset genesis
FoldingCoin (FLDC) rewards contributors to the Folding@home distributed-computing project with a Counterparty token, cre
2014-08-07
image P2FK ✓ verified
OurWedding.jpg
My Dearest Chiharu, I will love you forever. Taken Aug 6th 2014 in Ipswich, SD.
2014-09-01
♪
audio P2FK ✓ verified
alien.wav
An audio file stored on the chain in 2014, split across many transactions and indexed by a root transaction that records
2014-09-03
image P2FK ✓ verified
Shiemaa&Vincent.jpg
"Even if we tried to do it on purpose, never would have we succeeded." My beloved Vincent.
2014-09-06
image P2FK ✓ verified
YellowRobot.jpg
Chiharu and I found this little yellow robot while exploring Chicago. N 41.880778 E -87.629210
2014-09-29
♪
audio P2FK ✓ verified
OneGiantLeapForMankind.mp3
EMBII's earliest audio-upload attempt (Sep 2014, before Spock). The bio/profile wrapper and 48-chunk index are on Bitcoi
2014-09-10
image P2FK ✓ verified
BikeLady.jpg (Allen Lee Vandever art)
Allen Lee Vandever artwork. The AtomSea object packs an 'ALLEN LEE VANDEVER' artist statement, a 180x180 avatar (a medit
2014-09-10
image P2FK ✓ verified
Allen Lee Vandever avatar (meditating figure)
The artist's 180x180 avatar/logo (a meditating figure inside a snake-circle), bundled in the same tx as BikeLady.jpg (af
2014-09-12
?
other OP_RETURN ✓ verified
University of Nicosia — first UNicDC blockchain certificate (DFIN-511, 2014)
UNicDC
2014-09-27
✎
text P2FKH ✓ verified
CryptoGraffiti Python tool (source)
#!/usr/bin/env python3 ... CryptoGraffiti tool
2014-09-28
▦
ascii-art P2FKH ✓ verified
Nude figure ASCII (reclining, signed fsc)
ASCII art of a nude reclining female figure, via cryptograffiti.info (P2FKH), signed 'fsc' (credited to artist Marcin Gl
2014-11-27
image P2SH ✓ verified
western-union-bitcoin-spoof.jpg.gz
A spoofed Western Union image, gzip-compressed before upload — compression being the standard way to make a picture fit
2014-03-10
▦
ascii-art P2FKH ✓ verified
ASCII 'fuck' box
A word set in a box of ASCII characters — brief, rude, and permanent.
2014-09-28
✎
text P2FKH ✓ verified
11 rules of LaVeyan Satanism
1. Do not give opinions or advice unless you are asked.
2014-09-28
?
encrypted P2FKH ✓ verified
OpenSSL-encrypted blobs (Salted__ cluster)
The cluster's payloads are OpenSSL symmetric encryptions: base64 blobs starting 'U2FsdGVkX1' (the base64 of 'Salted__',
2014-10-01
▦
ascii-art P2FKH ✓ verified
Winklevoss twins (ASCII art)
if you like it, leave a tip: 1MDBHLGV7WX9viRG9X4LfDQfCX8oZ9wTO
2014-11-04
▦
ascii-art P2FKH ✓ verified
Marijuana plant (multi-tx)
A marijuana plant drawn in ASCII, spread across several transactions.
2014-11-28
▦
2014-12-03
▦
ascii-art P2FKH ✓ verified
Force of Will (Magic: The Gathering card)
Possibly original; likely by cryptograffiti.info creator.
2015 The cryptograffiti era
2015-07-20
✎
text OP_RETURN ✓ verified
Hitler did nothing wrong (hate speech)
EW Hitler did nothing wrong. / 1HitLerDidNothingWronggggggh...
2015-01-07
image P2FK ✓ verified
Arecibo_message.svg
The Arecibo message — the 1974 radio transmission beamed at globular cluster M13, describing human DNA, our solar system
2015-03-02
♪
audio P2FK ✓ verified
Spock_Live_Long_And_Prosper.mp3
Two-level AtomSea object: toplevel 1bc87dbf -> a 2-tx index (>-delimited) -> 17 data txs holding an author/SIG/translati
2015-03-11
?
other P2FMS ✓ verified
Spells of Genesis — FDCARD (first blockchain game card)
FDCARD is the first Spells of Genesis card and the first blockchain-based trading card in a video game, issued by Everdr
2015-03-26
image P2FKH ✓ verified
JPG thumbnail (test)
A small JPEG uploaded as a size test, from the period when the practical limits of on-chain storage were still being wor
2015-04-09
image P2FKH ✓ verified
we love bitcoin (heart + logo)
Bitcoin uses peer-to-peer technology to operate with no central authority or banks
2015-05-01
✎
2015-05-01
✎
2015-05-11
2015-05-11
2015-05-20
image unknown ✓ verified
Nick Szabo dinner photo (v27sSra.jpg)
A photograph of Bitcoin researchers and developers at dinner with Nick Szabo, each face tagged with a Twitter handle, st
2015-06-10
✎
text OP_RETURN ✓ verified
Bitcoin dev IRC log dumps
Bitcoin-dev IRC log dump (SHA-3/Keccak, block-size, etc. discussion)
2015-06-12
image P2FK ✓ verified
He sleeps in a temple.jpg
A photograph taken in Auckland, New Zealand, uploaded in 2015 through the AtomSea & EMBII system. One of the many ordina
2015-07-11
✎
text P2FKH ✓ verified
How to Play Chinese Hats (short story)
How to Play Chinese Hats - A Short Story - 2015
2015-08-02
▦
ascii-art P2FKH ✓ verified
Warren Buffett (ASCII)
if you like it, leave a tip: 1P675gRxNwhFXgfuDu5yXwGDgwLDbXNJqz
2015-08-28
✎
text Base58 ✓ verified
Paved With God And Some Teension (largest single-tx burn)
Paved With God And Some Teension
2015-10-08
▦
ascii-art OP_RETURN ✓ verified
Viva la Revolucion! Happy Birthday Santi (face x2)
Viva la Revolucion! Happy Birthday Santi! Manu, Santi, Demi, Esteban
2015-10-13
▦
ascii-art OP_RETURN ✓ verified
Feliz cumple, Marian (face)
To my dear friend Mariano, por muchos anos mas de diversion!
2015-12-16
▦
ascii-art OP_RETURN ✓ verified
Crude genitalia one-liner ASCII
Crude one-line ASCII (penis + breasts) embedded via OP_RETURN. On-chain payload is 'EW B====D ( . Y . )'.
2015-03-01
image P2FKH ✓ verified
Super Mario coin sprite
The Super Mario coin sprite — a few dozen pixels of one of the most recognisable images in video games, made permanent b
2016
2016-01-24
▦
ascii-art OP_RETURN ✓ verified
Crude breasts one-liner ASCII
Crude one-line ASCII (breasts) embedded via OP_RETURN. On-chain payload is 'EW ( . Y . )TIDDIES( . Y . )'.
2016-03-05
image daisy-chain ✓ verified
Iranian lady with polar-bear hat
Hello world! Return blob protocol v1: MAGIC = 0x62, PACKAGE = uint16, SEQUENCE = uint16, PAYLOAD = up to 35 bytes
2016-03-07
image P2FK ✓ verified
Chiharu EMBII & The Atom Sea say Happy Halloween.jpg
#Chiharu #embii & the #AtomSea #Fargo #ND
2016-03-07
2016-04-29
♪
audio P2FK ✓ verified
OuterSpace.mp3 (~4 MB, off-Bitcoin payload)
Outer Space by embii 4MB Large file storage test Apertus 0.3.5-beta
2016-06-13
✎
text Base58 ✓ verified
Nakamoto Satoshi Craig Wright (+ insults)
Nakamoto Satoshi Craig Wright Fuck Roger Ver Craig Wright Jihan Craig Wright is a Frauster Cunt Fuck You Graig Wright Sa
2016-06-16
image P2FKH ✓ verified
Erich Erstu (1Hyena, gas mask)
Hyena was here on the 16th of June 2016. Hi mom! I love you.
2016-06-16
image P2FKH ✓ verified
Water Deer (badtaxidermy.com)
Cryptograffiti.info now allows you to attach JPEG images to your messages.
2016-06-18
2016-06-18
image P2FKH ✓ verified
Nada from They Live (1988)
I have come here to chew bubble gum and dance on Ethereum's grave. And I'm all out of bubble gum.
2016-06-20
image P2FKH ✓ verified
Cryptocurrency mining ad (@dobcrypto)
Subscribe, I will be glad to see you! www.youtube.com/c/dobcryptocurrency
2016-06-20
image P2FKH ✓ verified
Chinese wedding (qijue poem)
A scarlet gemstone hides quietly in the midst of the mountains...
2016-06-21
2016-07-07
2016-07-09
✎
text Coinbase ✓ verified
2nd halving coinbase messages (block 420000-1)
Chandler Guo loves YangYang Jin / /BTCC/ Welcome to 12.5 BTC blocks!
2016-07-09
2016-07-10
⚠withheld
image P2FKH withheld
Snake-sculpture image (explicit JPEG)
Explicit JPEG image (NOT ASCII art) of a sexual sculpture (a snake/vagina motif), via cryptograffiti.info (P2FKH carryin
2016-07-16
image P2FKH ✓ verified
Wedding invitation (Cyrillic)
A wedding invitation in Cyrillic. The chain is used here as a registry office of last resort — the invitation will exist
2016-07-17
image P2FKH ✓ verified
Bitcoin love certificate (Cyrillic)
Wedding Wallled 15Nz214yv76BmkKLCi8kAVssa5C7nQHLjx
2016-07-18
image P2FKH ✓ verified
Oles Slobodenyuk wedding
Wedding date: Jul 17, 2016 proof link goo.gl/photos/2GToBx1WqRyiQtxQ6
2016-08-20
image P2FKH ✓ verified
Hand-written wedding contract (Czech)
A hand-written wedding contract in Czech, photographed and uploaded. A private agreement given the most public and least
2016-09-09
?
other OP_RETURN ✓ verified
Rare Pepe — RAREPEPE (Nakamoto Card, Series 1 Card 1)
The first Rare Pepe card ('RAREPEPE', the Nakamoto card, Series 1 Card 1), created by an anonymous user known as 'Mike'.
2016-10-30
?
other OP_RETURN ✓ verified
Age of Chains — GUARDIANCARD (Woodcoin's Guardian, first card)
GUARDIANCARD ('Woodcoin's Guardian') is the first Age of Chains trading card, among the earliest Bitcoin NFT game cards;
2016-11-24
image P2FKH ✓ verified
Hello. Yes, this is dog.
The 'Hello. Yes, this is dog.' meme, preserved on the Bitcoin blockchain.
2016-11-26
▦
ascii-art unknown ✓ verified
Augie A - Study Math/CS at Augustana
!Study Math and Computer Science at Augustana College!
2016-12-06
image P2FKH ✓ verified
Ross Ulbricht (freeross.org)
Silk Road saved lives that would have otherwise been lost on the streets. freeross.org/
2016-01-28
2016-04-21
image P2FK ✓ verified
PIA17563.jpg (Crab Nebula)
NASA: A purple nebula, in honor of #Prince, who passed away today.
2016-07-13
▦
2017 Peak graffiti
2017-01-29
image P2FK ✓ verified
SatoFamily.jpg
The Sato Family Arrives from Japan! Taken Aug 2. 2014 in Minneapolis MN. (Keiko, Chiharu, Hideaki, Katsuhiko)
2017-02-14
image P2FKH ✓ verified
Tuxedo and rose (couple)
A photograph of a couple, one in a tuxedo with a rose.
2017-03-09
image P2FKH ✓ verified
Couple on mountains (Spanish poem)
Entre tus brazos y los mios no hay espacio...
2017-03-21
image P2FKH ✓ verified
Tank Man
The photograph of the unidentified man standing before a column of tanks near Tiananmen Square in June 1989 — an image c
2017-07-07
image P2SH ✓ verified
Augustana College Old-Main.jpg
Augustana College Old-Main.jpg Reconstruct with data preceding redeemscripts
2017-07-07
✎
text P2FKH ✓ verified
pandoc Markdown demo (Unicode test)
Unicode test: Ae Oe Oe Ue ... Uploaded from http://cryptograffiti.info to demonstrate Markdown rendering.
2017-07-10
✎
text P2FKH ✓ verified
Disincentivizing Double-Spending whitepaper
Disincentivizing Double-Spending by Making it Unprofitable (Erich Ertsu, 2017)
2018
2018-01-29
✎
text OP_RETURN ✓ verified
First RSK (Rootstock) merged mining
RSKBLOCK: — Rootstock (RSK) merged-mining tag
2018-02-23
image P2SH ✓ verified
Broken JPEG in single input-script constant
A JPEG stored inside a single input-script constant, damaged in the process. The header identifies it as an image but th
2018-04-09
▦
2018-06-07
▦
ascii-art OP_RETURN ✓ verified
Cannes Lions TITANIUM ad
An advertisement entered for the Cannes Lions TITANIUM award, placed on the chain as part of the campaign itself — a rar
2018-08-23
▦
ascii-art OP_RETURN ✓ verified
GrrCON ticket (skull, steganographic)
Your free GrrCon ticket; code OPRETURNISMYFRIEND
2019
2019-08-24
▦
2019-10-01
2020
2020-05-11
✎
text Coinbase ✓ verified
3rd halving coinbase (NYTimes Fed message)
NYTimes 09/Apr/2020 With $2.3T Injection, Fed's Plan Far Exceeds 2008 Rescue
2021
2021-03-13
♪
audio P2FK ✓ verified
Seikilos.mid (MIDI)
Nested AtomSea object (#Seikilos #epitaph). The 8 data chunks are indexed on Bitcoin; the MIDI (format 1, 2 tracks) is c
2021-01-18
✎
text OP_RETURN ✓ verified
Romans 12:21 in block 666666
Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good - Romans 12:21
2021-05-31
image SegWit ✓ verified
The Starry Night (van Gogh)
Van Gogh's The Starry Night, uploaded to the chain. The painting has been public domain for decades; this copy is simply
2021-07-10
image P2FMS ✓ verified
Kitchen mirror selfie in swim glasses
A mirror selfie taken in a kitchen, the subject wearing swimming goggles. Among the most ordinary things anyone has made
2021-11-19
image P2SH ✓ verified
Gulagu.net logo
The logo of Gulagu.net, the Russian anti-torture organisation founded by Vladimir Osechkin, stored in 2021. The group pu
2021-11-19
image P2SH ✓ verified
Gulagu.net people (Vladimir Osechkin)
A photograph associated with Gulagu.net and Vladimir Osechkin, uploaded alongside the organisation's logo in 2021. Both
2021-10-27
▦
ascii-art OP_RETURN ✓ verified
Mystery 43-line art
Forty-three lines of ASCII art whose subject has not been identified.
2022 Ordinals →
2022-12-14
image Ordinals ✓ verified
Ordinals Inscription #0 (Casey Rodarmor's pre-launch skull)
Inscription #0 in ord's sequential numbering: the first satoshi ever inscribed, made about five weeks before the Ordinal
2023
2023-02-01
image Ordinals ✓ verified
Taproot Wizards launch inscription ("Magic internet JPEGs")
Inscription #652 by ord's global numbering, but Taproot Wizards' own first on-chain artifact (confirmed via the project'
2023-03-11
?
2024
2024-01-06
?
encrypted SegWit ✓ verified
Suspected encrypted 9 MB ordinal
About nine megabytes of data whose contents cannot be identified. Its size makes it one of the largest single payloads o
2024-01-27
image P2FKH ✓ verified
A man and his cactus (Sahil Chaturvedi)
A photograph by Sahil Chaturvedi of a man and his cactus.
2025
2025-07-31
✎
text OP_RETURN ✓ verified
Liebe Melli — an anniversary letter
Liebe Melli, vor genau einem Jahr kamst du in mein Leben und hast es so viel schöner und bunter gemacht… Diese Nachricht
2025-10-25
✎
text OP_RETURN ✓ verified
Glory to Hong Kong (願榮光歸香港)
We pledge: No more tears on our land / In wrath, doubts dispell'd we make our stand / Arise! Ye who would not be slaves
2025-10-28
⚠withheld
video OP_RETURN withheld
Gloria Zhao AI MP4 (OP_RETURN policy criticism)
AI-generated (deepfake) MP4 impersonating Bitcoin Core developer Gloria Zhao to criticize OP_RETURN relay policy; inscri
2026
2026-05-04
✎
text OP_RETURN ✓ verified
NFP protocol whitepaper (Chinese)
# NFP协议：比特币上的"传家宝"与永生版税 — 没有智能合约，没有侧链，只有刻在比特币上的"铁契约"。从此，手艺人不用再求人，子孙后代都能收到钱。
2026-05-07
✎
text OP_RETURN ✓ verified
pwm1 — mail carried on the chain
pwm1:m:Hello World! — the opening of a 53-message exchange running from block 948,283 to 962,976, ending 'i only have on
2026-07-04
✎
text OP_RETURN ✓ verified
Declaration of Independence, inscribed on its 250th anniversary
THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE / In Congress, July 4, 1776 / THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION of the THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF